what is numerical simulation and modeling,what is difference between simulation and modeling, lecture notes on system simulation and modeling, what is modeling virtual environments and simulation
Dr.MasonHanks,Germany,Teacher
Published Date:23-07-2017
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Si Simullattiion and d M Mod deli ling
By
Pf Prof. SS.Sh Shakkya
1Si Simullati tion and d M Mod deli ling
L L-3T 3, T-1P 1, P-1 15 .5
2References:
1. G. Gorden, “ System simulation”
2. Jerry Banks, John S. Carson, II Barry L.
Nelson , David M. Nocol, “Discrete Event
system simulation”
3Introduction to Modeling and simulation
4System
The term system is derive from the Greek word systema,
which means an organized relationship among functioning
units units or or components components.
System exists because it is designed to achieve one or more
objectives.
We We come come into into daily daily contact contact with with tthe he transportation transportation system system,
the telephone system, the accounting system, the production
system, and for two decades the computer system.
There There a are re more more than than a a hundred hundred d definitions efinitions of of the the word word
system, but most seem to have a common thread that
suggests that a system is an orderly grouping of
interdepp pendent components linked tog gether according g to a
plan to achieve a specific objective.
5System
The The study study of of the the systems systems concepts concepts, tthen hen, has has
three basic implications:
1. 1. A A system system must must be be designed designed to to achieve achieve a a
predetermined objective
2. Interrelationships and interdependence must
exist among the components
3. The objectives of the organization as a whole
hh have a hiigh her priioriitty tthhan tthhe ob bjjecttiives off iitts
subsystems.
6System
Klir Klir gives gives a a collection collection o of f 2 24 4 definitions definitions one one such such
definition is “ A system is a collection of
components wherein individual components are
consttraiinedd b by connect tiing it interrelt latiionsh hiips such h
that the system as a whole fulfills some specific
functions in response to varying demands”
Klir, George J. , an approach to general systems
theory theory, New New York: York: Van Van Nostrand Nostrand Reinhold Reinhold Co Co,
1969
7SSk ome keyword ds t to k know …
System
It It iis a coll llect tiion off entiti tities th thatt actt and d iintteractt
together toward the accomplishment of some
logg( ical end (comp puter,, network,, communication
systems, queuing systems etc.)
Simulation
It is an experiment in a computer where the real
system is replaced by the execution of the
program
It is a program that mimics (imitate) the behaviour
of of the the real real system systemSome keywords to know …
Model
It is a simplification of the reality
A (usually miniature) representation of something;
an example for imitation or emulation
A model can be Analytical (Queuing Theory) or by
Simulation.
Performance evaluation (of a system)
It means quantifying the service delivered by the
System
E Experiimenttall, A Anallyti ticall, or b by siimullati tionIntroduction
St System
· A system exists and operates in time and space.
Model
· A model is a simplified representation of a system at
some some particular particular point point in in time time or or space space iintended ntended tto o
promote understanding of the real system.
Simulation
· A simulation is the manipulation of a model in such a
way way tthat hat it it operates operates on on time time or or space space to to compress compress it, it,
thus enabling one to perceive the interactions that
would not otherwise be apparent because of their
separation separation in in ttime ime o or r s space. pace.
10EEl xamples
Models of the sy ystem
Real System (Motherboard)EEl xamples
Simulation models of the systemEEl xamplesEEl xample
Models of the SystemExamples
Models of the sy ystem
Circuit SimulatorConcept of Simulation
Simulation Simulation is is the the representation representation o of f a a real real life life
system by another system, which depicts the
important characteristics of the real system and
all llows experiimenttati tion on it it.
In another word simulation is an imitation of the
reality y.
Simulation has long been used by the
researchers, analysts, designers and other
professionals professionals in in the the physical physical and and non non-physical physical
experimentations and investigations.
16Why Why S Simulate? imulate?
It mayy, be too difficult, hazardous,, or exppensive to observe a real,,
operational system
Parts of the system may not be observable (e.g., internals of a
silicon chip or biological system)
Uses of simulations
Analyze Analyze systems systems before before tthey hey are are built built
Reduce number of design mistakes
Optimize design
Analyze Analyze operational operational systems systems
Create virtual environments for training, entertainment
17When to use Simulation
Over the years tremendous developments have taken
place in computing capabilities and in special purpose
simulation languages, and in simulation methodologies.
Th The use off siimullat tiion ttech hniiques h has allso b become
widespread.
Following are some of the purposes for which simulation
may may b be e u used sed.
1. Simulation is very useful for experiments with the internal
interactions of a complex system, or of a subsystem within
a a c complex omplex system system.
2. Simulation can be employed to experiment with new designs
and policies, before implementing
3 3. S Simulation imulation c can an be be used used to to verify verify the the r results esults obtained obtained by by
analytical methods and reinforce the analytical techniques.
4. Simulation is very useful in determining the influence of
changes changes in in input input variables variables on on the the output output of of the the system. system.
5. Simulation helps in suggesting modifications in the system
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under investigation for its optimal performance.TTf ypes of SiSimullatition MModdells
SSt ystem moddell
stochastic
deterministic
static dynamic static dynamic
Monte Carlo
simulation
continuous continuous
discrete discrete
Continuous
Discrete-event Continuous
Discrete-event
simulation
simulation simulation
simulationTypes of Simulation Models
Simulation models can be classified as being static or
dynamic, deterministic or stochastic and discrete or
continuous continuous.
A static simulation model represents a system, which does
not change with time or represents the system at a particular
p point in time.
Dynamic simulation models represent systems as they
change over time.
Deterministic models have a known set of inp, puts, which
result into unique set of outputs.
In stochastic model, there are one or more random input
variables, which lead to random outputs.
System in which the state of the system changes
continuously with time are called continuous systems while
the systems in which the state changes abruptly at discrete
poiit nts iin t tiime calllled d d diiscrette systtems.
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